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As wolves swoop, Austrians grab guns for cull; as 'killer' wolves spark panic in India
As wolves swoop, Austrians grab guns for cull; as 'killer' wolves spark panic in India
By Blaise GAUQUELIN
Arbesbach, Austria (AFP) Sept 2, 2024

After wolves swooped from the forest and savaged her lambs, Austrian sheep farmer Renate Pilz feels like giving up. Others, to the anger of conservationists, are reaching for their rifles.

"I lost two ewes and two lambs" to the wolf attack last year, the 55-year-old said at her farm in the village of Arbesbach.

She showed AFP photos of her animals, bleeding and so badly bitten that they had to be put down.

"It's too much work, it's no longer profitable and, above all, I don't want to do it any more," she said.

After disappearing in the 19th century, wolves have gradually returned to Austria in recent years. The number rose to 104 this year, up from an estimated 80 in 2022.

In response to a reported increase in attacks on livestock, several Austrian regions have authorised the controversial killing of wolves.

Environmental groups say the move violates European law, which lists them as protected animals.

Swelling wolf populations have dominated the headlines in the Alpine country and stirred emotion across Europe, with breeding packs recorded in 23 countries of the European Union.

- 'Wolf-free' zones -

A few kilometres from Arbesbach, Gerhard Fallent told AFP that three wolves had killed "half of his flock of sheep" and seriously injured the other half last year.

Fallent has since become a vocal proponent of regulating the wolf population, founding the association Wolf Stop.

He has called for "wolf-free" zones to be established near communities where people live and work.

After a wolf was sighted close to a bus stop frequented by children, school trips were cancelled and pupils picked up directly from home by the bus for a year, the 64-year-old lamented.

"We want our children to be able to go back to playing in the woods" in a region that can offer much to tourists too, said Fallent.

With family farms going out of business, he noted that several Austrian regions managed to significantly reduce the number of attacks after authorising killings.

- 'Obsolete' protection status -

In Austria's southern state of Carinthia, shooting wolves to protect local farms and their livestock has been authorised since 2022.

So far "we have killed 13 wolves," deputy governor Martin Gruber told AFP.

Putting up barriers such as fences in the rugged terrain, he argued, was "impossible" and above all a "waste of public money".

With the total population of wolves in the EU estimated at 20,300, Gruber said the predator's protection status was "obsolete" and should be lowered.

In 2023, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called for the downgrading of the wolf's conservation status from "strictly protected" to "protected" in view of the "real danger" posed by the packs.

But conservationists across Europe have been up in arms, with environmental groups in Austria challenging the authorised killings in court.

In July, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruled that Austria should first try other solutions before hunting wolves massively, noting the local wolf population was "not at a favourable conservation status" and siding with the conservationists.

- Fairy tales -

Situated in the heart of Europe, Austria is rare in having three isolated wolf populations converge there from other parts of the continent.

After surviving "heavy hunting" about a century ago, wolves have started to spread due to being protected, and separate groups are linking up, said Marianne Heberlein, director of the Wolf Science Centre.

The operation, which claims to be the only one of its kind in the world, is attached to Vienna's University of Veterinary Medicine.

It researches the process of domestication by comparing the behaviour of the 10 wolves and 13 dogs housed at the centre.

It also aims to increase the public's awareness of wolves by familiarising people with the "wild animal" in a "neutral" way, said Heberlein.

The centre aims to do so "without glossing over the danger" they can pose or "giving them a bad image", she said.

The fear of the wolf "goes back a very long way in history", she said -- the age-old conflict between wolf and human has fed into the fairy tales told to children.

Drones, dolls, dung: Killer wolves spark panic in India
Lucknow, India (AFP) Sept 2, 2024 - Hundreds of Indian police have been deployed to search for a pack of wolves who are reported to have killed nine people, eight of them children, wildlife officials said Monday.

In the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, terrified residents of Bahraich district are keeping all-night vigils, deploying guard dogs and letting off firecrackers in hopes of scaring off the predators.

The killings have happened over the past two months, with the latest attack on a six-year-old boy in the early hours of Sunday morning.

The boy was sleeping on the veranda of his home -- a common practice during the hot and humid days of the monsoon rains -- when the wolf grabbed him by the neck.

"I woke up to find my son in the animal's jaws," his mother Gudiya told the Times of India.

"I acted instinctively and pulled my son away with as much strength as I could muster."

Experts say wolves attack humans or livestock only as a last resort when they are starving -- preferring less dangerous prey such as small antelopes.

But wildlife officials say heavy flooding from extreme torrential rains has swamped the wolves' usual territory and driven them into areas of more populated farmland.

"When their natural prey is no longer available, wolves are left with fewer options," said state forestry official Ajeet Kumar Singh, who is part of the wolf hunt, told the Times of India.

"The floods have created a scarcity that has pushed them to take risks they wouldn't normally consider."

The grassland plains of Bahraich district lie about 50 kilometres (30 miles) south of the border with Nepal, where thick forests cover Himalayan foothills.

- 'Catch the wolves' -

Local media reported that some villagers have set fire to piles of dry elephant dung around their homes, hoping the scent of the giant animals will deter the wolves.

Others have soaked dolls in children's urine, aiming to lure the predators into traps, media reported.

The office of Uttar Pradesh chief minister Yogi Adityanath on Monday ordered all efforts to be made to capture the pack.

"Catch the wolves at all cost," it said.

Over 150 armed personnel and dozens of government forestry officials are searching for the wolves, having captured four.

"Drones are being flown continuously," top state forestry official Renu Singh told reporters.

The majority of India's roughly 3,000 wolves survive outside protected areas, often in close proximity to people.

Numbers have been dwindling due to the loss of habitat and a lack of wild prey, experts say.

The attacks have sparked hysteria, and in neighbouring Bihar state, a crowd beat a jackal to death believing the smaller animal was a wolf.

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