The wildfire, which started on Sunday in Varnavas, 35 kilometres (22 miles) from the capital, had by Tuesday killed one woman, caused widespread damage and sent thousands fleeing from their homes.
The blaze even came as close as the suburbs of Athens before firefighters got the upper hand.
"People shouldn't be burnt alive in 2024," said Marianna Chatzieleftheriou at a small far-left rally on the crisis outside parliament on Tuesday.
For her the death was a "political crime", and one she blamed on the conservative government.
"There are not many firefighters... all the equipment is poor. And the actions start at a late stage," the 27-year-old doctor told AFP.
Fellow protester Marietta Papadopoulou said the water-bombing planes were old models -- and there were not enough of them.
"I'm really angry...," the 58-year-old gym teacher told AFP. "The government doesn't take the necessary measures to protect the environment, cities, villages."
Some sections of the press also attacked the response from the authorities.
"Enough is enough" said the front page of Greece's top-selling centrist daily Ta Nea. The liberal Kathimerini said the blaze "had left huge destruction (and) unanswered questions".
"This year too, we are spectators of the same play," said Nikos Androulakis, head of the socialist opposition party PASOK, as he visited some of the devastated sites on Tuesday.
"We cannot experience such tragic consequences every year. We need to do more and as soon as possible."
- 'Difficult to contain' -
"Every year we are doing our best to improve," said Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, who cut short his holiday to deal with the crisis.
"But unfortunately conditions are becoming more difficult," he added after an emergency cabinet meeting Tuesday.
This year's summer wildfire season has seen dozens of blazes, as the Mediterranean country recorded its warmest winter and the hottest June and July since reliable data collection began in 1960.
Scientists say that human-induced fossil fuel emissions are worsening the length, frequency and intensity of heatwaves across the world.
Government spokesman Pavlos Marinakis said Greece had successfully dealt with numerous forest fires since May -- even though their number was up by half from the same period last year, from over 2,300 to over 3,500.
"The Varnavas fire occurred on a level five extreme risk day... This means that if a fire does occur, it is extremely difficult to contain," he said.
Marinakis said Greece now had "17,500 firefighters -- more than ever before".
In April, Greece also unveiled a 2.1-billion-euro upgrade to its civil protection infrastructure, touted as the country's most ambitious to date.
Mostly EU-funded, it includes new water bombing aircraft, helicopters, fire engines, thermal cameras and over 100 surveillance drones.
But none of that will arrive until next year -- and the first planes from an order of seven new DHC-515 water bombers will be delivered in 2027.
- 'We know the risks' -
Civil Protection Minister Vassilis Kikilias said the original fire Sunday spread even though a water-bombing aircraft reached the area in just five minutes.
"The fire spread very quickly because of the strong wind," firefighter Marinos Peristeropoulos told AFP near one of the hotspots on Monday.
Fellow firefighter Asterios, 45, added: "The pine trees are like a match. And climate change has brought desert to the woods."
Evangelos Kouris, an electrical engineer from the Athens suburbs, also blamed the rainless, "extremely hot, dry summer".
His T-shirt smudged with soot, he had spent the night from Monday to Tuesday putting out small fires with neighbours.
"The environment is too flammable," the 51-year-old told AFP.
But he also believed "people set fires on purpose" and faulted the authorities for not thinking far enough ahead.
"We know the risks but we are not building a total plan," he said.
"The anger will come later," said another local, Tilemachos Iouliou. For now though, he was "still in shock.
"Athens is on fire every year. The surrounding... mountains are always on fire. But it was the first time the fire came into the city," the 40-year-old office worker told AFP.
He too blamed a lack of long-term planning, but did not seem confident that much could be done.
"They say you have to build big roads with no trees, but with the kind of winds yesterday, I don't believe they could be of use," he said.
"When there is no more forest, we will be safe."
Greece counts cost as firefighters master fires around Athens
Athens (AFP) Aug 14, 2024 -
Greece on Wednesday counted the cost of devastating fires outside Athens that claimed one life, forced thousands to flee their homes and took three days to control.
With the smoke still to clear, civil protection officials said the fire devoured 10,000 hectares (nearly 25,000 acres), destroying about 100 homes as well as many other buildings and cars.
While isolated fires still burned, there were no major active blazes, but some 570 firefighters and 174 vehicles were monitoring events, said the fire service.
"We are still in the area but there is no (threat). Some pockets of fire spring up but are dealt with," a fire service spokesman told AFP.
The fire broke out on Sunday at Varnavas, near the historic town of Marathon, 40 kilometres (25 miles) northeast of Athens.
Investigators think a faulty electricity pole may have been the cause, the Kathimerini newspaper reported.
Strong winds fed the flames, turning it into the worst wildfire this year in Greece.
As the flames approached the suburbs of the capital, teams from France, Italy, the Czech Republic, Romania, Serbia and Turkey mobilised through an EU scheme to help Greece master the fires.
A Turkish helicopter and two Italian planes have already joined the effort in Athens while a Serbian helicopter saw action against a fire in Serres, northern Greece, the spokesman said.
The largest force, over 160 firefighters and 55 fire engines sent by France, is expected later Wednesday.
- 'Under-staffed, under-equipped' -
With thousands of people forced to flee their homes, several stadiums were opened up to receive them. Some 650 people were hosted in hotels, the civil protection ministry said.
The government has already earmarked 4.7 million euros ($5.2 million) for the eight towns hit by the fires, with pay-outs for households and individuals affected by the disaster.
But there was growing anger over what critics say was a lack of preparedness.
"Under-staffed, under-equipped and totally uncoordinated," said Stefanos Kasselakis, leader of the leftwing Syriza opposition party, referring to the civil protection service, blaming Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis.
"We're doing our best to improve every year," said Mitsotakis after an emergency cabinet meeting Tuesday. "But conditions are unfortunately becoming more difficult."
The Greek socialist party PASOK on Wednesday formally requested a parliamentary debate on the fire when the chamber reopens at the end of the month.
The government has vowed to hold a discussion in September, after the end of the fire season.
Around 200 people demonstrated outside parliament on Tuesday evening to denounce what they called the government's "crimes".
On Wednesday, as Mitsotakis visited a military base to thank pilots who had flown firefighting planes, he highlighted that the government had ordered seven new aircraft.
The first two DHC-515 water bombers will be delivered in 2027.
"The solution won't just come from the air," he added: preventative work was also essential.
But the toll of annual fires is growing. According to the meteo.gr website of the National Observatory, 37 percent of forests around Athens have been consumed by fire over the past eight years.
Scientists say that human-caused fossil fuel emissions are increasing the length, frequency and intensity of heatwaves across the world, raising the risk of wildfires.
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