The report by ActionAid entitled "On the Brink?" called for urgent cuts greenhouse gas emissions to help save the region's fragile environment.

Himalayan glaciers are the headwaters for Asia's nine largest rivers, crucial for the 1.3 billion people who live downstream. The melting glaciers could endanger water supplies for hundreds of millions of people, it said.

"Emission of greenhouse gases is the biggest threat to Kashmir's ecology and environment," said Arjimand Talib, head of ActionAid's Kashmir chapter, releasing the report in Srinagar, summer capital of the revolt-hit region.

"Many of the areas have seen a complete disappearance of small glaciers. In other areas, the height of the small glaciers has reduced to over one-fourth of the original height," the 28-page report from the non governmental group said.

Major glaciers were also melting fast, the report said, while water levels in almost all the streams and rivers in Kashmir have decreased by two-thirds during the last 40 years.

"Hundreds of springs spread all across Kashmir have either dried up or are in the process of drying up," the report added.

The source of the data in the report is unclear, but a study of 466 Himalayan glaciers by scientists with the Indian Space Research Organisation has estimated their area had shrunk by 21 percent since the 1960s.

That study, published in January, was based on satellite images.

The quantity of snowfall in Kashmir known as "Switzerland of the East" has "clearly reduced over the last few decades," the latest report added.

"Although occasionally it does have spells of heavy snowfall, the inability of snow to freeze and develop into hard and longer-lasting crystals owing to higher temperatures has resulted in faster meltdown."

Cement-making plants in Kashmir were producing heat-trapping gases that could lead to no snow in the plains over the next two decades, it said.

"Stringent laws need to be put in place, not only for checking emissions from private vehicles and industrial units, but also for large-scale emissions from government and military establishments."

The report said more than 300 military convoys producing high levels of greenhouse gases move every day across Kashmir, where soldiers are battling a deadly separatist Islamic insurgency.

It also recommended a shift of focus from "infrastructure-intensive tourism to eco-tourism" and opposed religious "pilgrim tourism."

Every year tens of thousands of Hindus visit cave shrines of Amarnath in the north and Vaishno Devi in the south, leaving behind mounds of litter.

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