Washington is currently weighing whether to "decertify" Colombia as a partner in the battle against drugs, a move that could restrict millions in US military aid and be a hammer blow to Colombia's reputation.
In an interview with AFP, recently appointed defense minister Pedro Sanchez said decertification would mean "we simply lose the ability to contain the threat."
"Not being able to contain it would go against the interests of the United States. Because more cocaine would arrive and the United States would not be stronger, more prosperous, or safer."
"Fracturing relations and cooperation between our states is an opportunity for drug trafficking," Sanchez insisted.
Colombia has launched a diplomatic offensive to avoid blacklisting ahead of a September US review.
But many officials are privately pessimistic that blacklisting can be avoided, putting at risk nearly half a billion dollars in annual US funding.
Since President Gustavo Petro came to power in 2022, the area under coca cultivation has increased by about 70 percent, according to Colombian government and UN estimates.
Trump has taken a hardline stance against drugs entering the United States from Mexico and Canada, hitting both countries with tariffs as apparent punishment.
And there is no love lost between Trump and Colombia's similarly pugilistic president Petro.
The pair recently got into a spat on social media over migrant deportations, prompting Trump to threaten sanctions on Colombia.
- Plan Colombia -
The United States has poured billions of dollars into Colombia's security forces over decades, helping to beat back insurgent groups and cartels that produce 90-plus percent of cocaine in the United States.
But Petro's signature policy of "total peace" has led to fewer military operations against drug-running militias and an abandonment of forced coca eradication.
Sanchez admitted that "total peace" had led to an increase in the strength of some armed groups.
"They grew because they betrayed the goodwill of the national government," he said.
He revealed that armed fighters had increased by about 1,500 in the last year alone.
Decertification would be a major blow to the Colombian military, just as it tries to rebuild strength and retake territory from insurgent leftist guerrilla groups.
Sanchez said the military's capabilities had been degraded in recent years, as military spending had been cut.
"They are weaker in certain capabilities, in intelligence, for example. We have fallen a little short in advancing rapidly in disruptive technology, such as drones and anti-drone weapons," he said.
"We don't have the same aircraft flying that we had 10 years ago."
The United States decertified Colombia once before, during the presidency of Ernesto Samper, whose 1994 campaign was accused of receiving money from the Cali cartel.
Some vital aid was frozen and foreign investment to Colombia dipped.
Eventually, the US resumed funding and, with a new government in Bogota, established "Plan Colombia" -- a billion-dollar US plan to overhaul the Colombian security services.
Despite today's challenges, Sanchez said the military's goal was to assert territorial control over all Colombia.
ELN guerrillas currently control a swathe of land near the Venezuelan border, where fighting has displaced about 56,000 people.
In a recent interview with AFP, ELN commanders vowed to repel a government counteroffensive and said years of "total peace" risk turning into "total war."
Sanchez dismissed the ELN as a "narco-criminal group" and vowed they would be met with "full force."
He also pledged to retake a major coca-growing region in the south of the country, a virtual microstate run by the Estado Mayor Central (Central General Staff).
Sanchez admitted retaking territory was a "wicked problem," but said it would be achieved.
"We're going to have to make a lot of sacrifice, we're even going to have tears, but in the end, we're going to achieve it."
Iraq says seized one tonne of captagon from Syria via Turkey
Baghdad (AFP) Mar 16, 2025 -
Iraqi security forces have seized more than a tonne of captagon, an illegal stimulant, smuggled from Syria via Turkey, the interior ministry said on Sunday.
Ministry spokesman General Moqdad Miri said the Narcotics Directorate "seized a truck from Syria, bound for Iraq, via Turkey, transporting 1.1 tonnes" of the synthetic drug in tablet form.
The seizure was one of the largest in Iraq in recent years and consisted of seven million pills, a security official told AFP, speaking on condition of anonymity.
It was also the first such seizure announced since the toppling in December of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, whose government was at the heart of the trade in areas he controlled, experts have said.
The drugs were transferred from a Turkish truck to an Iraqi truck near a border crossing between the two countries, according to video footage released by the interior ministry which showed the pills hidden in a shipment of ironing boards.
Miri said there had been arrests, but did not elaborate on the number or nationality of those detained.
He said the seizure operation was mounted with the cooperation of security forces in the autonomous region of Kurdistan, which borders Turkey.
It also took place thanks to "very important information" provided by Saudi security forces, Miri added.
Captagon became Syria's largest export during the country's civil war that began in 2011.
In recent years Iraq and its neighbours, in particular the transit countries Jordan and Saudi Arabia to boost cooperation in a bid to combat trafficking.
Saudi Arabia is a major market for addictive captagon.
Iraq in 2022 announced it had seized six million pills, and in 2024 the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNDOC) said the country had experienced a "dramatic increase" in both the trafficking and use of captagon in the previous five years.
"In 2023 alone, authorities (in Iraq) seized a record-high 24 million captagon tablets -- the equivalent of over 4.1 tonnes, with an estimated retail value of between $84 million and $144 million," a UNDOC report said.
It said that between 2019 and 2023, about 82 percent of the captagon seized in the Middle East originated from Syria, followed by Lebanon at 17 percent.
The new authorities in Damascus have announced the destruction of around 100 million captagon pills but the trade persists, a diplomatic source who follows the issue said.
"Lower-ranking operators are showing resilience, adapting, and remaining in place despite political or security changes," the source said.
"It is therefore not surprising to see trafficking continue, whether through the sale of existing stockpiles or the establishment of new production".
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights war monitor said that trafficking from Syria was ongoing and that there were still captagon factories operating in the country.
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