Estimating cultivable land at photovoltaic sites for dual-purpose use
In Alcarras de Carla Simon, the Sole family is reconsidering their underperforming peach plantation due to the encroachment of solar panels. This reflects the broader debate on balancing land use for renewable energy and agriculture, a topic that has gained traction in both cultural narratives and scientific research.
The concept of agrivoltaics involves the simultaneous use of land for both agriculture and solar photovoltaic energy generation. The TEP215 - Physics for Renewable Energies research team at the university is advocating for the adoption of agrivoltaic systems. Their latest project includes a methodology to determine potential agricultural areas between solar collectors at existing installations.
"In this work, we chose a type of photovoltaic installation that already existed to see whether we could redirect it and integrate crops for agricultural production into these existing facilities," explained Rafael Lopez, a Professor of Applied Physics.
The methodology is grounded in theoretical simulations of solar astronomy and the spatial geometry of solar farms with two-axis panels, which pivot to follow the sun like sunflowers, optimizing energy capture. It identifies potential planting areas without obstructing the panels or casting shadows, thereby preserving solar efficiency.
Luis Manuel Fernandez, a researcher in the Department of Electrical and Automatic Engineering, highlighted that the model incorporates backtracking to avoid shadow casting among panels throughout their daily movement.
At a specific site in Cordoba named "El Molino," equipped with two-axis trackers and backtracking, the model demonstrated that 74% of the land between the panels can support crops no taller than 1.4 meters.
This adaptable model could be applied to other sites to explore agrivoltaic potential, promoting sustainable practices and profitability in both sectors, as noted by Rafael Lopez.
"This work represents an advance in the possible conversion and agrivoltaic use of existing large photovoltaic plants, improving their sustainability, contributing to the necessary deployment of agrivoltaics, and advancing the fight against climate change," the researchers stated.
The dual system benefits crops through the shade provided by the panels, which is particularly valuable in harsh climates by helping to maintain soil moisture.
Future steps include establishing relevant legislation and conducting field trials with various crops to implement this land use strategy more broadly.
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