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Iraq deadline to appoint PM looms, protesters unyielding
by Staff Writers
Baghdad (AFP) Dec 19, 2019

Iraq unrest grows in two months of anti-regime protest
Baghdad (AFP) Dec 19, 2019 - Anti-government demonstrations that erupted in Iraq on October 1 have escalated into its deadliest protest movement in decades, continuing unabated despite the government's resignation three weeks ago.

With President Barham Saleh under pressure to nominate a new prime minister by midnight Thursday, here is a recap of the unrest that has already claimed more than 460 lives.

- Protests erupt -

On October 1, hundreds of people gather in Baghdad and cities in the Shiite south in leaderless protests against corruption, unemployment and poor public services.

Riot police disperse about 1,000 protesters in the capital's Tahrir (Liberation) Square, including with live fire.

The first two demonstrators are killed, one in Baghdad and another in the south.

Protests continue into October 2, getting the backing of influential Shiite cleric Moqtada Sadr, who leads the biggest bloc in parliament.

- Unrest spreads -

On October 3, thousands defy a curfew in several cities, blockading streets and burning tyres.

Prime Minister Adel Abdel Mahdi defends his year-old government on television, asking for more time to implement reforms.

On October 4, clashes intensify and Sadr calls on the government to resign. Two days later the cabinet announces reforms including in land distribution, social welfare and anti-corruption.

- Deadly second wave -

Protests resume on October 24, a day before the anniversary of Abdel Mahdi taking office.

Protesters in the south torch dozens of provincial government buildings and offices linked to the powerful Hashed al-Shaabi paramilitary force.

At least 63 people are killed over two days, according to the Iraqi Human Rights Commission.

On October 28, students, professors and schoolchildren join rallies in Baghdad and southern cities.

On October 31, the president raises the possibility of the prime minister's resignation.

- Death toll mounts -

On November 3, demonstrators in the central city of Karbala attack the Iranian consulate amid charges that Iran is propping up the government. Four are shot dead.

After a major strike and continuing demonstrations, on November 27 protesters torch the Iranian consulate in the holy city of Najaf.

The following day is one of the bloodiest in the uprising, with 46 protesters killed and 1,000 wounded across the country, including around two dozen in the southern city of Nasiriyah.

On November 29, demonstrators in Nasiriyah mob a police station and torch police cars. Another 15 protesters are killed.

- PM resigns -

Later on November 29, top Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani calls for a new government. Hours later Abdel Mahdi offers to resign.

Parliament accepts his departure on December 1 and formally tasks the president with naming a new candidate.

Talks to find a new prime minister intensify and include the commander of Iran's Revolutionary Guards, Major General Qasem Soleimani, a key ally of Iraq's main Shiite parties.

Washington denounces Tehran's "meddling".

- Violence spirals -

Late on December 6, armed men attack a Baghdad building where anti-government protesters had been camped out for weeks.

At least 20 protesters and four police officers are killed and about 80 demonstrators abducted, medical sources and witnesses say.

On December 7, a drone drops a bomb on Sadr's home in Najaf, damaging the exterior wall.

The following day a prominent civil society activist is shot dead in Karbala while returning home from anti-government protests.

On December 12, two rockets are fired at a military base near Baghdad airport housing US troops, the latest in a series of such attacks that Washington blames on Iranian-backed groups.

Iraqi political leaders agreed Thursday to delay appointing a new prime minister, after the constitutional deadline expired in a country shaken by months of unprecedented protests that have left hundreds dead.

Parliament was due to propose a candidate before midnight to replace premier Adel Abdel Mahdi, who quit in November as the death toll mounted in massive demonstrations against official graft and lack of jobs.

But as no consensus emerged between parliamentary blocs, a source within the presidency told AFP authorities agreed to push the deadline back to Sunday, after Iraq's Friday-Saturday weekend.

Once a name is proposed, lawmakers then submit it to President Barham Saleh who will put it to a vote in parliament.

If the candidate does not gain the majority of votes, Saleh will have the right to put forward his own candidate.

If parliament does not accept this, the consitution stipulates that Saleh would become the de facto head of the resigned cabinet for 15 days.

The current parliament is the most divided in Iraq's recent history.

On Wednesday, deputies failed to agree on amending the electoral law, the only significant reform proposed by authorities to appease protester demands, rescheduling the vote to parliament's next meeting on Monday.

Following elections last year, no bloc was able to establish the majority necessary to put its nomination for premier to a vote.

Instead, the parties agreed on an independent candidate with no base of his own -- Abdel Mahdi.

He lasted a year before resigning in November after two months of unprecedented anti-government protests in the capital Baghdad and Shiite-majority south, marked by 460 killed and 25,000 injured, the vast majority protesters.

Despite his resignation, protests have continued in the face of brutal repression, killings and abductions, and a chilly winter.

- Unyielding protesters -

Several names for the premiership are still circulating hours before the expiration of the constitutional deadline.

But all are insiders in a political system rejected in its entirety by protesters, who also oppose the growing influence of Iran, a vital powerbroker in Iraqi politics.

Outgoing higher education minister Qusay al-Suhail has for several weeks been presented by officials as the candidate of Iran.

A former key member of Shiite cleric Moqtada Sadr's movement, Suhail rejoined the State of Law Alliance of former prime minister Nouri al-Maliki -- close to Iran and enemy of Sadr -- and seems to have become the favourite for the premiership.

But nothing is sure, and recent weeks have seen multiple leading candidates dismissed.

In Baghdad's Tahrir Square, posters display the rejected candidates with their faces crossed out in red.

On Wednesday, Mohammed al-Soudani, a former minister and ex-governor, presented himself in Najaf to be endorsed by Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani -- longtime kingmaker in Iraqi politics. But he was rejected, according to sources in the Shiite shrine city.

Wary of the anger on the street, the 89-year-old cleric, the highest religious authority for the majority of Iraqi Shiites, had already said he did not want to be involved in the formation of the new government.

- 11th hour asset -

Several politicians told AFP that Saleh held a card for the 11th hour: intelligence chief Moustafa al-Kazemi, a shadowy figure seen as backed by the United States.

On Wednesday Fayeq al-Sheikh Ali, an outspoken liberal lawmaker who defends the right to drink alcohol and is critical of Iraq's endemic corruption, presented his own nomination to the president.

Far from the party summits, the day before he had asked in a Twitter survey, "Should I submit my own candidacy?" to which 73 percent of nearly 100,000 voters replied, "yes".

The security situation meanwhile has worsened, with recent rocket attacks on American bases.

Ten security incidents in under two months have prompted the United States to send military reinforcements to the heavily fortified Green Zone in Baghdad, home to its embassy.

US diplomatic staff have been reduced, with the consulate in Basra closed.


Related Links
Iraq: The first technology war of the 21st century


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IRAQ WARS
Iraqi parties debate PM candidates, already rejected by the street
Baghdad (AFP) Dec 18, 2019
The day before the deadline to designate a new Iraqi prime minister, political parties were wrangling Wednesday over three candidates: all insiders and all rejected by a months-old anti-government protest movement. President Barham Saleh has until midnight Thursday to appoint a replacement for outgoing premier Adel Abdel Mahdi, who resigned after two months of unprecedented demonstrations that have rocked the capital Baghdad and Shiite-majority south. The protests continue to push for the overha ... read more

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