NASA and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland have agreed to cooperate on a NASA heliophysics mission, the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP). The agreement, signed Dec. 30, 2020, will allow the Space Research Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK PAN) to design and build one of IMAP's 10 instruments - the Global Solar Wind Structure (GLOWS) instrument - as well as provide ground support and personnel necessary to support the instrument and the IMAP science team.

Scheduled to launch no earlier than February 2025, IMAP will observe and map the Sun's heliosphere - the volume of space filled with particles streaming out from the Sun, known as the solar wind - and study how it interacts with the local galactic neighborhood beyond. The boundary zone at the edge of the heliosphere offers protection from the harsher radiation of interstellar space; it may have played a role in creating a habitable solar system and is critical in NASA's plans for safe human exploration of the Moon and Mars.

GLOWS will help chart Earth's astronomical neighborhood by observing light bouncing off hydrogen within interplanetary space. Detecting this glow reveals information about variations in the hydrogen-rich solar wind pouring off of the Sun and helps identify hydrogen that has arrived from interstellar space.

This is the first time Poland will build an entire instrument for NASA, continuing a long previous history of working together.

"This agreement builds on a history of cooperation with Poland that dates back to 1962," said NASA Associate Administrator Steve Jurczyk. "We appreciate Poland's support for IMAP, and together we'll work to explore and understand our space environment better than ever before."

The agreement expands NASA's cooperation with Poland from its two ongoing Earth science activities to heliophysics, the study of the Sun and how it drives a dynamic space environment that can affect astronauts and technology in space. In addition to studying the fundamental nature of our solar system, IMAP will enable and mature new ways of forecasting space weather by streaming real-time observations of Earth's space environment to operators on the ground.

"The Space Research Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences has been conducting research into the heliosphere for many years now," said Jerzy Duszynski, the president of the Polish Academy of Science. "The invitation it has received to cooperate with NASA confirms the highest standard of space research at the Polish Academy of Sciences."

"I have worked closely for almost two decades with our colleagues in Poland," said David J. McComas, the principal investigator for IMAP and a professor at Princeton University in New Jersey. "I am delighted that they will be building this instrument as a part of the IMAP mission. Their contributions to the team are invaluable and I welcome this formal recognition of the relationship between us."

McComas leads the IMAP mission and an international team of 24 partner institutions. The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, will build the IMAP spacecraft and operate the mission for NASA. IMAP is the fifth mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP) Program portfolio. The Heliophysics Program Office at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the STP Program for the Heliophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

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