On June 10, 2021, the European Space Agency (ESA) announced the selection of EnVision as its newest medium-class science mission. EnVision will make detailed observations of Venus to understand its history and especially understand the connections between the atmosphere and geologic processes. As a key partner in the mission, NASA provides the Synthetic Aperture Radar, called VenSAR, to make high resolution measurements of the planet's surface features.

With significantly higher resolution than that of NASA's Magellan mission, which captured images of Venus in the early 1990s, VenSAR will improve our understanding of the planet's surface features.

Repeated observations and comparisons with Magellan imagery promise the opportunity for planetary scientists to detect volcanic, tectonic and geomorphic changes over multiple time scales at a resolution that gets to the level of individual landslides. Scott Hensley of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, is the instrument project scientist.

"EnVision's VenSAR will provide a unique perspective with its targeted studies of the Venus surface, enriching the roadmap of Venus exploration," said Adriana Ocampo, EnVision Program Scientist at NASA HQ.

In a "triple crown" moment for the Venus science community, the new mission to Venus comes at a time when NASA has just announced their upcoming DAVINCI+ (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging) and VERITAS (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy) missions. Working in concert, the trio of new spacecraft will provide the most comprehensive study of Venus ever.

"I am delighted that the synergistic capabilities of these three new missions will transform our fundamental understanding of Venus," said Lori Glaze, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division at the agency's headquarters in Washington, DC.

"ESA's EnVision mission will provide unparalleled high-resolution imaging and polarimetry capabilities. High-resolution images of many dynamic processes at Mars profoundly changed the way we thought about the Red Planet and images at similar scales have the potential to do the same for Venus."

The new observations can also tell us about Venus' evolution. "The combined results of EnVision and our Discovery missions will tell us how the forces of volcanism, tectonics and chemical weathering joined together to create and sustain Venus' runaway hothouse climate," said Tom Wagner, NASA's Discovery Program scientist at NASA HQ.

Of the three missions, the DAVINCI+ atmospheric entry probe can provide the only direct measurements of the Venus atmosphere - for the first time since NASA's Pioneer Venus probe in 1978 and the USSR VEGA Balloons in 1985. Many of the proposed measurements are of highest decadal priority and can only be acquired by traveling directly through the planet's harsh atmosphere.

The global topography data generated by VERITAS is also a unique contribution among the three missions. It will provide scientists with high-resolution topography and a global location map for Venus that will serve as a reference system for all past and future surface data collected.

Related Links
EnVision Mission to Venus
Venus Express News and Venusian Science

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NASA is returning to Venus
Melbourne, Australia (The Conversation) Jun 06, 2021
NASA has selected two missions, dubbed DAVINCI+ and VERITAS, to study the "lost habitable" world of Venus. Each mission will receive approximately US$500 million for development and both are expected to launch between 2028 and 2030. It had long been thought there was no life on Venus, due to its extremely high temperatures. But late last year, scientists studying the planet's atmosphere announced the surprising (and somewhat controversial) discovery of phosphine. On Earth, this chemical is produce ... read more