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EARLY EARTH
Siberian fossils suggest all dinosaurs had feathers
by Brooks Hays
Brussels (UPI) Jul 24, 2013


Reconstruction of Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus. Image courtesy Andrey Atuchin.

Bloodsucking bugs flew the skies during height of dino era
Beijing (UPI) Jul 25, 2013 - Previously, the most ancient evidence of bloodsucking insects was 100 million years old. But researchers in China have unearthed a number of bug specimens that date to 130 million years ago.

One of the fossilized bugs, discovered by researchers Capital Normal University in Beijing, was found to be full of iron, suggesting the insect perished just after sucking animal blood. It's the earliest example of a blood-feeding insect.

The specimen was found by researcher Dong Ren in China's fossil-rich Yixian Formation. The species and family of insects these specimens belong to has yet to be determined, but are some the earliest ancestors of true bugs.

True bugs, insects of the Hemiptera order, are so called because they have have specialized mouth parts used to suck plant juices and animal fluids. All true bugs are insects, but not all insects are true bugs. Modern true bugs include insects like cicadas, bed bugs and aphids. Bees, for example, which use a retractable mouth part, are not true bugs but Hymenoptera -- a separate order. Mosquitos aren't true bugs either, as they are part of the Diptera order, which also includes flies.

There's no way to prove whether the bugs dined on dino blood or not. But given the specimens were dated to the Cretaceous period, the height of the dinosaurs' reign, it's hard to imagine the bloodsuckers didn't stop over for lunch on the back of a Tyrannosaurus rex or Triceratops.

Ren's study was published in the journal Current Biology.

Over the last two decades, paleontologists have amassed more and more evidence of the prevalence of feathers among theropod dinosaurs, a group of raptor-like meat-eaters. Scientists believe birds evolved from therapods, and some findings even suggest therapods could fly even before birds evolved.

Now, the discovery of six new dinosaur fossils in Siberia suggests feathers weren't exclusive to theropods. Paleontologists recently wrapped up their analysis of six Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus specimens, and the scientists say the 4.5-foot-long, two-legged species not only had feathers and ate plants but also belonged to a dino lineage distinct from theropods.

"Probably that means the common ancestor of all dinosaurs had feathers," explained lead researcher Pascal Godefroit, a paleontologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science in Brussels. "Feathers are not a characteristic [just] of birds but of all dinosaurs."

The discovery is detailed in the latest issue of Science Magazine.

The scientists say they're not sure what purpose the feathers played, as most dinosaurs could not and did not take to the air. But the evidence is now pretty clear, they say: feathers have deep evolutionary roots.

"This does mean that we can now be very confident that feathers weren't just an invention of birds and their closest relatives, but evolved much deeper in dinosaur history," said Stephen Brusatte, researcher at the United Kingdom's University of Edinburgh.

The scientists liken the revelation to the concept of all mammals having hair. But just like some of the world's largest mammals have very little hair, like elephants, researchers say the biggest dinosaurs probably had few noticeable feathers.

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