The latest moves announced by the US Trade Representative's office cap a review of tariffs imposed during President-elect Donald Trump's first administration.
Rates for solar wafers and polysilicon are due to double in January to 50 percent, while those on certain tungsten products will rise from zero to 25 percent.
"The tariff increases announced today will further blunt the harmful policies and practices by the People's Republic of China," said US Trade Representative Katherine Tai in a statement.
The actions, she added, will complement domestic investments made under outgoing President Joe Biden's administration to boost the United States' clean energy economy.
In May, the White House announced steep tariff increases on Chinese goods, targeting key sectors like electric vehicles, semiconductors, batteries and solar cells.
This drew fiery pushback from Beijing.
Wednesday's announcement furthers earlier efforts.
Hiking tariffs on three additional lines of tungsten products was seen as key to helping US industries including aerospace and defense, according to a notice by the USTR's office.
"Continued reliance on China for tungsten products leaves US supply chains vulnerable and puts US national security at risk," the notice added.
It charged that Chinese imports have been undercutting US domestic production, and that higher levies will make domestic producers more competitive.
Meanwhile, solar wafers and polysilicon are used in solar cell manufacturing.
"While increasing tariffs may result in higher prices initially, the tariffs are necessary to allow domestic producers to compete against China's massive excess capacity, defend recent investments, and encourage more domestic manufacturing," the notice said.
Biden has taken a targeted approach when it comes to tariff hikes on Chinese goods, although he did not roll back increases imposed during Trump's first term either.
At the time, Trump engaged in an escalating tariff war with Beijing.
Trump's return to the White House next month could see temperatures rise again between the world's two biggest economies -- with the president-elect already threatening sweeping tariffs on all imports, and especially high rates on Chinese goods.
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